Page 322 - Synthetic Fuels Handbook

308 CHAPTER TEN

Trees and shrubs from forests
and non-forest lands
Wood for
non-energy uses
Wood industry
Wood based
products Wood for
Society energy uses
users of wood based products

Woodfuel Woodfuel Woodfuel
recovered indirect direct

Fuelwood (Fw for charcoal-fw- others)

Losses
for
Transformation
charcoal
making
Woodfuel commodities
Import Other product: Black liquor production production Export
Charcoal
Fuelwood

Final energy users
Other product: Black Fuelwood Charcoal
liquor production production
Residential Commercial Industrial Heat and power
sector sector sector generation
FIGURE 10.1 Wood fuel balance scheme from supply source to end user.

normally called producer gas consisting primarily of hydrogen (H ) and carbon monoxide
2
(CO), with lesser amounts of carbon dioxide (CO ), water (H O), methane (CH ), and
2
4
2
higher hydrocarbons (C H ), as well as nitrogen (N ) and particulates.
x
y
2
The gasification is carried out at elevated temperatures, 500°C and 1500°C and at atmo-
spheric or elevated pressures. The process involves conversion of biomass, which is carried
out in absence of air or with less air than the stoichiometric requirement of air for complete
combustion. Partial combustion produces carbon monoxide as well as hydrogen which are
both combustible gases. Solid biomass fuels, which are usually inconvenient and have low
efficiency of utilization, can be converted into gaseous fuel. The energy in producer gas