Page 68 - The Handbook for Quality Management a Complete Guide to Operational Excellence

54 B u s i n e s s - I n t e g r a t e d Q u a l i t y S y s t e m s A p p r o a c h e s t o Q u a l i t y 55

Shewhart’s Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA). This discipline ensures
that Six Sigma projects are clearly defined and implemented; that
organizational buy-in is built among the key stakeholder groups;
that data-driven decision making is used to analyze and improve
the process; and that results are standardized into the daily opera-
tions, preventing only partial or short-lived project success. The
objectives of each stage of DMAIC are summarized in Table 3.3.
• Training. A final key difference is the level and extent of training
throughout the organization. A properly structured Deployment

DMAIC Stage Objective
Define Project Definition: Define project’s scope, goals, and objectives;
its team members and sponsors; its schedule and deliverables.
Top-level Process Definition: Define the stakeholders, inputs and
outputs, and broad functions.
Team Formation: Assemble highly capable team from the key
stakeholder groups; Create common understanding of issues
and benefits for project.
Measure Process Definition: Define the process at a detailed level,
including decision points and functions.
Metric Definition: Define metric to reliably establish process
estimates.
Process Baseline: Use the defined metrics to establish the
current state of the process, which should verify the assumptions
of the Define stage. Determine whether the process is in
statistical control.
Measurement Systems Analysis: Quantify errors associated with
the metric.
Analyze Value Stream Analysis: Determine value-producing activities.
Analyze sources of process variation.
Determine process drivers.
Improve/Design Propose one or more solutions to sponsor; Quantify benefits of
each; Reach consensus on solution.
Investigate and address failure modes for new process/design;
Define new operating/design conditions.
Implement and verify new process/design.
Control/Verify Standardize new procedures/product design elements.
Continually verify project deliverables.
Document lessons learned.

From Keller (2011a).
Table 3.3 DMAIC/DMADV Stage Objectives

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