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Observations    SD or    Effect       Comment  (95% CI)  Size  Samples  (same)  r = .16  28  Highlighting positive   0.53  d = .31  230  30,000 aspects of risky decisions   (r = .153)  increases risk aversion  Gain-framed appeals  (−0.07 – −0.01)  r = −.04  53  (positive aspects of   compliance) are less   persuasive than loss- f



                        4,666        9,145


                             Gain vs. loss    framing on risky   Gain vs. loss    framing on    disease detection   Gain vs. loss    framing on disease   prevention


                     Topic  (same)  decisions  behaviors              behaviors




               (Continued)  Education & Behavior, 2000  Kühberger, Organizational  Behavior and Human Decision   O’Keefe & Jensen, Journal of   Gallagher & Updegraff, Annals  (same) of Behavioral Medicine, 2012 O’Keefe and Jensen, Journal of  Health Communication, 2007  Gallagher & Updegraff, Annals  (same) of Behavioral Medicine, 2012





               table 8.3      Source  Witte & Allen, Health    Processes, 1998  Communication, 2009





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