Page 223 - Troubleshooting Analog Circuits

210 Index

capacitors (continued) Heinemann Electric, 34 computers aiding in troubleshooting,
tab-type, 43 MOSFET designs, 34 10-12, 147, 152
Teflonm, 42,45,48,13 clip-leads, 23.96, 155 connectors, 22,25,52,5841, 153, 162,
1
ceramic: 44,48, 162, 11 I, 130, 179 clues, 3-5, 14,4748, 106,108, 168 174,185
COG (low tempco), 4546, 131 CMOS digital ICs. See digital ICs, problems with:
“glass,” 42 CMOS connector fails to connect, 60
NPO. See COG co-workers, 4, 127, 139 glue in socket, 60, 153
porcelain, 42 Coffman, Steve, 168 intermittencies, 60
X7R (stable-K), 45 cold-soldered joints. See solder, prob- nothing in socket, 60
Z5U (high-K), 4445, 1 I1 lems with plugging into live socket, 60
silver mica, 44.46 collector connections. See under transis- socket leakage, 52
electrolytic:40,46,4&49. tors, bipolar unexpectedcapacitance, 60-61.153
120-121,135-136,147, 160, Collins, Jack (with David White), 25 copper-clad material. See under Printed
164, 179,185,193 COMPAQ, 173 Circuit Boards, materials
aluminum, 40.45 comparators,56,108,111-116,119-122, cube taps, 25
nonpolar, 41,161 123, 190,194,195,207 current limits, 17,21,34,38,58,88,
tantalum, 41,43,45, 120-121, common-mode range, definition of, 105-106,118,137,139,164,
127,130,135,160-161, 179, 115 180,184, 192
192 offset voltage, test, 194,195 current map, 20
twisted pair (“gimmick), 20,62 comparators, problems with: current meter (leakage detector), 17,52,
adjustable, 19,47 common-mode range, 114-1 16 53,53,88,111
capacitor problems: common-mode slew problem, 115 logarithmic detector, 52,53
AQL, 46 differential over-drive, 115 wide-range linear detector, 53,53
bus inductance. See under false operation when overdriven current probes. See under probes,
capacitors for p.s. bypassing negative, 115 current
“clearing” (Tick noise due to layout, 1 11-1 13 current pumps, 25.58
breakdown), 43 linear preamplifier ahead of com- current surges, 10,27,32-37,42,44,
Dielectric Absorption. See parator, 114 57.7G71.75.77-78,8142,
soakage need for minimum hysteresis, 87-88,139-140
Dissipation Factor, 45 11 1-1 13 currents, 32.34-37.41,57.61-62,
drying out of electrolyte, 41 AC-coupled hysteresis, 113,113, 65-67,73.99,100,107,
fingernail, 48 194 11~111,115-116,130,133,
“forming up.” 40 maximum hysteresis, 112 136138, 141,145,160,164,
inductance, 4344 safety margin in hysteresis, 112 192, 196-198,204,206
labelling or marking, 46 noise of comparators, 113 curve tracers, 20
large shift vs. temperature, 42, oscillations, 11 1-1 14, 194,195 Czar, 7,135,136
44 phase shift, 1 1 1, 116 of Band-gaps, 7, 135,136,205
leakage,41,53, 120, 131, 177 shielding, guarding. See under of Czener Czaps, 7
“long tails,” 47 layout of Floobydust, 164
piezoelectricity/microphonics, strobe or latch modes, 113 of Start-up Circuits, 7, 142
45,111 test for Vosl 113-1 14,194,195 Czarina of Data Sheets, 7
pinholes, 42 use of amplifier as comparator, 116
resonant frequency. See induc- use of comparator as amplifier, 116 DAC. See digital-to-analog converter
tance component jacks, 185 Darlington. See under transistors,
reverse polarity, 41,43,55, 161, components engineer, 32,34,43,70,78 bipolar
161 164 components, Used or second-hand or data sheets, 20,30,37,40,42,48,
self-heating, 41 recycled, 48 56-57,61-62,65,73.75.82,
series resistance too high? 41.44 computer modelling, 98,144-145, 84,91,96,102,105-106,
series resistance too low? 44-45 203-207 113-116,120,128-129,
series resistance just right, 45 airborne computer, 145 131-133,136-137, 140,157,
soakage (Dielectric Absorption) analog modelling. See under analog 159, 167, 177, 179, 185, 188,
40,45,47,49,131,134 computer, analogues 199-202,206
solder connections, 46 computer-aided design (CAD), detector, current. See current detector
tolerance, 46,46,89 205-207 detector, settling, 67
capacitors for power-supply bypassing: SPICEdefinition of 203 detector, shon-circuit. 21.21
40,4445.56.99, 113, 121, comments on SPICE: 11 1,144. diagnosis, 5,11,106, 173
127,135-137,153, 155, 146,203-207 diagonal nippers, 23
158-160,164,174,176, convergence, 14&145,204-205 Digikey, 185
191-193 spurious oscillations, 109. I1 1, 144, digital computers. See under computers,
CarTalk, 10 205-207 digital
CD4001.124 typical computer errors, 1 1 1, 128, digital ICs, 1,7,44,56,72,81, 121, 171
CD4016.CD4066.81,121,123 138, 144-145, 148,155, 166, analog switches, 79,81, 121,133,155
CD4020, CD4040,120 172,203-207 select for very low leakage, 133
CD405 1, CD4053,133 typical human errors, 144 buffered vs. un-buffered gates, 124
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 23 computer, ignition, 172 “choreography”’ = timing diagram,
choreography, 126,127 computers, analog. See analog computers 126,127
circuit breakers, 34, 140 computers, digital, 1.22.59.145. CMOS circuits, 81, 120-121,
AC, 34 144-147,158.172-173, 123-124, 133,155,159-161
DC, 34 203-207 as linear amplifier, 121