Page 224 - Troubleshooting Analog Circuits

Index 21 I

dirty waveforms, 121-122. 126 lN4001, IN4002.67, 196 drafting. 15tL1.58
discrepancies, TTL vs. CMOS I N4 I48,66-67,68.70. 196. See also DVMs. See digital voltmeters
74c74. I24 IN914
driving long busses as strip-line, 56 1N5400.164 Early voltage. 79
ECL. See high-speed logic anti-reversal rectifiers. See under Edmund Scientific, I56
floating inputs. 121. 155. 160, 161 power supplies EDN magazine, 25,57,64-65.85.90.
glitches. 14. 1 15, 122-123, 126, 128. forward voltage vs. I,. 196. 197 126. 129. 134. 155. 167. 187.
132. 155. 160, types of: 208
high-speed logic. 56. 156. 194 “computer diodes.” 6749 Elecrronic Design magazine, xi
LS Tn, 161 controlled-avalanche rectifiers. 7 I electrostatic discharge (ESD). IO. It 23.
metastability, 122, 156 diodes made from transistors. See 78,81.82,88
nonstandard pin-outs, 123-124, 187 transistors used as diodes ESD and CMOS ICs. 23
overdrive of digital inputs. 124. 125, fast-turn-off, 67 ESD simulator, 82
161 fast-turn-on, 67.68 Engineering Change Order i ECO). 8
overshoot of TTL output. 126,127 FETs used as diodes 66 ESD. See electrostatic discharge
phase detector, 121 germanium, 65 etched circuit boards. See printed circuit
power-supply bypassing. See under gold-doped, 67 boards
capacitors for power supply high-conductance. 65.66, 196.197 Everest. Mt. See Mt. Everest
bypassing high-efficiency rectifiers, 65.67. expert systems, I I
“runt pulses,” 122. 123. See also I96 experts. 3. 122, 139. 144.205
glitches LEDs used as diodes, 69, 196.197
TTLcircuits, 123-124. 130. 187 LEDs. See under light-emitting failure modes. See the particular item of
wired-or outputs, 122 diodes interest
digital voltmeters (DVMs) 15-1 7, logarithmic, 65,66, 197 failure. philosophy, 8.26.69-70.80. X9.
147-150 low-leakage, 66, 196 I43
accuracy. 149 power rectifiers. 6547.70. 196,197 failure analysis, 8
current noise kick-back. 17. 17, 150 Schottky. 6547. 196 failure rates, 2. 10
false data. 148-149 small-signal 66 familiarity. 3.4
how to rebut false data, 149 solar cells, 74 FD200 (FD2043). 196
poor linearity, 118-149 SPICE diode models, 203 FD300 (FD303 I ). 196
poor gain accuracy, 149-150 transistors used as diodes, 66,67. FDH600.196
filters for input noises, 17.17, 1.50, 198 69-70. 167, 196 fencing. 3
Fluke 8810A. 8842A. 15 ultra-fast rectifiers, 65-67 ferrites. See at inductors, transformer\
HP3455. HP3456, HP3457, 15, 149 Zeners. See Zener diodes ferrite stick, 22.39
input impedance changes, 16, 149 problems with: filters. 17.17,20,25.37.4W4.89.97.
integrating-type, I3 I, I48 arrow label pointing the wrong 131. 135-137. 139, 150. 156.
linearit.. See non-linearity direction. 70. 185 158, 162.207
non-linearity. 148-149 bad conductance even at zero bias. fire extinguisher, 6. 23. 37
Recirculating-Remainder, 148 69,69,70 Fischer. Thomas, I63
Successive-Approximation. I48 conductance unpredictable at Floobydust, 143. 153. 161. I85
)-digit. 17 various currents, 65, 196, 197 flump. 99
4-digit. 16 excessive turn-on surge of charge, flux. magnetic, 35.38-39. 110. 1 I
5-digit. 15 70 flux. solder, 48.54.59, I70
6-digit. 7-digit. 149 failure modes, 70 Frederiksen. Tom M.. 103. 107
high-input-impedance, 15-17, 36 ”improvements.” 68 freeze-mist, I18
ohmmeters. 17. 32.33,52-53. 149. inductance, 69 frequency, high. 22. 35.4 I. 4335.5 I.
155, 171 leakage. 66 66, 88,91-94.97.99.
digital logic. See digital ICs light-sensitivity. 70. 73, 1 10, 156 108-109. 111, 116117. 127.
digital loop. See loop, digital long tails after turn-off, 67 130. 150, 156
digital-to-analog converter (DAC), nomenclature of “cathode” and frequency response. 15. 31,73.84.89.
126-128 ”anode,” 70 99. 101-103. 109-1 I I. 116.
problems with: overshoot. See slow turn-on 118. 128, 136. 156. 191.205.
AC gain errors. 128 poor series resistance. 6.5 207. See also at htep response
computer models inadequate, 128 slow turn-off, 67, 181, 183 or bandwidth
DC gain errors vs. Vas. I28 slow turn-on, 68,6749. 18 1 frequency-to-voltage converters (FVC ).
de-glitchers. 128 soft (low conductance)65.66 67, 131. 134
multiplying DACs (MDACs). 128 thermostatic problems, 70 as analog isolation amplifiers (with
glitches. I28 Zenering and breakdown, 7 I. See VFC). 13 I
noise rejection also under Zener diodes as tachometer, 13 I
-on bit lines. 126128. 130 dish-washer (machine). 54, 170 phase-locked loop as FVC. I3 I
-on power supplies, 126127 disk drives, I ripple filtering, I3 I
diode clamps, 37.6749, 118. 119, 124. divider, resistive, 54.7.30 function generators. 17. 22, 25, 37.92.
133. 156. 1.59 DM74L86. 124, I87 93,94,95, 1 50
diodes. 20.48.55.65-74,119, 124, DM74LS86. 187 pulse output, 150
140--141. 1.50. 163-164, 185, DM7486. 187 set-up problems. 150
I96 DMOS FETs. See under transistors, sineoutput, 17. 150
1N87. 196 MOSFET sine distortion and cure, 1 50
1N645,65, 196 documentation, 2,8 square-wave output, 17. 150
IN914.65.70. 196. Seeolso IN4148 Dostal, Jiri, 2-3. 12 triangle output. 17, I50