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Batteries
                                                                Batteries  197




                                                         Valve Rubber
                                                             Cap




                                               Valve
                                               Body



                                      Gas Pressure



            Figure 7.11 Vents.


                    Recharge Hours vs. Charging Voltage and Current
              15                                                        120
                                Charging Voltage
              14                      % Ah Returned                     100
             Charging Voltage and Current (Amperes)  10 9 8 7 6 5  Phase  Current (Amperes)  80 % Ampere-hours Restored
              13
              12
              11
                  Bulk
                                85% SOC
                                                                        60


                                                                        40
                               Absorption Phase



               1 4 3 2             95% SOC   Float Phase                20
               0                                                        0
                0      5     10     15     20     25     30    35     40
                               Hours Recharge (13.8 Volts @ 0.1C)
            Figure 7.12 Recharge hours versus voltage and current.

            in the cycling regime. Some experimental reports are in favor, others
            indicate an acceleration in hydrogen loss.
              Recent developments have shown that short, high charging pulses
            have a restorative effect on lead acid performance. Such pulses destroy
            the build-up of sulphation on the plates. This ensures that the battery
            returns to near its original performance figures. This treatment may be



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