Page 46 - Urban water supply handbook

URBAN WATER INFRASTRUCTURE: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

URBAN WATER INFRASTRUCTURE 1.45

(d)
FIGURE 1.31 (Continued)

(3.5 m by 0.45 m), was used to bring water to the 8-km-long conveyance system
which consisted of baked clay pipes of 12- to 22-cm outer diameter and 10- to 16-
cm inner diameter (Ozis, 1996). Figure 1.34 shows an aqueduct bridge used to
support the pipes on the system from Pirango.
Water entered the foundation of the Artemis Temple by seven lead pipes (still
remaining in situ), each having an inner diameter of 8 cm, a wall thickness of 4.5
cm, and a length of 60 cm. Joints were set up by marmor joint elements (shown in
Fig. 1.12) of 13-cm inner diameter, and 35-cm outer diameter and length. Figure
1.12 illustrates a lead pipe with marmor joint element’s displayed in the Ephesus
museum in Selcuk.
The Derbentdere system (also called Marnas) from the southeast was 6 km long
and consisted of three parallel lines of baked clay pipes of different diameters, laid
partly on rock-cut terraces. Ozis (1996) discusses these systems in more detail and
provides many references for further reading. Figure 1.35 shows the 16-m-high
Sextilius-Pollio aqueduct bridge on the Marnas conveyance system, built around
A.D. 4 to 14.
The Degirmendere system (also called Kenchrios) from the southwest of
Ephesus was a 43-km-long Roman aqueduct system consisting of 15 aqueduct
bridges crossing the valleys. This system dates from the first century, conveyed
water from the Degirmendere Springs (east of Kusadasi) at a rate of 60 liters per

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