Page 391 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

CAT3525_C10.qxd 1/31/2005 12:00 PM Page 362
362 Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial
drainage layer, the spacing between drainage collectors in each drain system, a description of leak-
age potential of each geomembrane liner, and a description of leachate recirculation, if used.
Some Requirements for Data Inputs

● A vertical percolation layer may not be placed under a lateral drainage layer
● A barrier soil liner may not be placed under another barrier soil liner
● A geomembrane liner cannot situate between two barrier soil liners
● A geomembrane liner may not be placed under another geomembrane liner
● A barrier soil liner cannot situate directly between two geomembrane liners
● In the case when a barrier soil liner or a geomembrane liner is not placed directly below
the lowest drainage layer, lateral drainage for the bottom section of the landfill will not
be calculated
● Barrier soil liner cannot be a the top layer of a landfill
● Geomembrane liner cannot be a the top layer of a landfill
● Only five barrier soil liners and geomembrane liners in total are allowed
● Two barrier soil liners cannot be adjacent to each other

The program checks for rule violation at the time the user saves the data.

A.10.1.3.3 Relevant Terms and Their Values in HELP
Field capacity: The soil moisture storage and content after a prolonged period of gravity
drainage from saturation corresponding to the soil water storage when a soil exerts a soil suction of
-1/3 bar (dimensionless number between 0 and 1 and should be greater than wilting point).
Geotextile transmissivity: The product of the in-plane saturated hydraulic conductivity and
thickness of the geotextile.
Installation defect density: The number of defects (diameter of hole larger than the geomem-
2
brane thickness; hole estimated as 1 cm in area) per acre resulting primarily from seaming faults
and punctures during installation.
Pinhole density: The number of defects (diameter of hole equal to or smaller than the geomem-
brane thickness; hole estimated as 1 mm in diameter) in a given area generally resulting from man-
ufacturing flaws such as polymerization deficiencies.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: The rate at which water drains through a saturated soil under
pressure gradient (must be greater 0).
Soil moisture storage (content): The ratio of the volume of water in a soil to the total volume
occupied by the soil, water and voids.
Total porosity: The soil moisture storage and content at saturation (dimensionless number
between 0 and 1 and should be greater than field capacity).
Wilting point: The lowest soil moisture storage and content that can be achieved by plant
transpiration or air drying, that is the moisture content where a plant will be permanently wilted
corresponding to the soil water storage when a soil exerts a soil suction of 15 bars (dimensionless
number between 0 and 1).

THE PROBLEM
Small Subtitle C landfills were recently constructed by the same firm for suburban locations near
two cities, Indianapolis, IN, and Miami, FL. Total landfill area for both is 40 acres. Each landfill is
underlain by a 48-in.-thick clay liner. There are double geomembranes, and double leachate collec-
tion and removal systems were installed. Drainage length under the landfill was set at 50 ft with a
2% slope. On the surface of closed portions of the landfill, slopes were set to 4% with slope lengths
of no more than 75 ft. Leachate is being recycled (rate of 95%).