Page 83 - Welding Robots Technology, System Issues, and Applications

Welding Robots
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Lubricants or other flammable compounds should not be used in pressure-reducing
regulators and other parts of the oxygen circuit because they can lead to
catastrophic fire.

Potential hazards in laser beam welding are in many aspects similar to those
observed in arc welding. Laser power supplies employ high voltage capable of
producing lethal electric shocks. Laser welding also generates dangerous metal
fumes, whose composition depends on the metals being welded, requiring local
exhaust ventilation. However laser beams can cause permanent eye damage, so
exposure to direct or reflected laser beams must be prevented. Laser welding
systems must operate in restricted access enclosures opaque to the laser
wavelength. Individual laser eye protection can be required for personnel working
in the vicinity of the laser source [22]. Thermal burns can also occur if skin is
exposed to primary laser beams.

Principal motives of concern in resistance spot welding are protection against
molten metal spatter and splash and electric shock. Working environment can be
improved by the use of enclosures and splash-less resistance spot welding systems
[57].

2.7 References

[1] Aoki A,.Takeichi M,.Seto M,.Yamaguchi S, (2004), Development of GTAW robot
system for aluminum frame, IIW Doc XII-1814-04.
[2] Johnson M,.Fountain C,.Castner H, (2000), GTAW fluxes for increased penetration in
nickel based alloys and titanium, IIW Doc. XII-1617-00.
[3] Norrish, J, Advanced welding processes, Institute of Physics Publishing, 1992
[4] Hichen G K, Gas-tungsten arc welding, ASM Handbook, Vol 6, Welding, Brazing and
Soldering, pp 190-194.
[5] Chen Y, Nie ZR, Zhou ML, Zhang JX, Zuo TY. The research and development of
tungsten electrodes without radioactivity, International Symposium on Ecomaterials
held in conjunction with the 39th Annual Conference on Metallurgists of CIM, AUG
20-23, 2000 ENVIRONMENT CONSCIOUS MATERIALS - ECOMATERIALS,
699-702, 2000
[6] Tusek J., Suban M. (1999), TIG welding in a mixture of argon, helium and hydrogen,
IIW SG-212-948-99.
[7] Shirali, A. A., Mills, K. C., The effect of welding parameters on penetration in GTA
welds, Welding J. 72(7) 1993, pp. 347s-353s.
[8] Lancaster, J.F., Mills, K.C., Recommendations for the avoidance of variable
penetration in gas tungsten arc welding, IIW Doc 212-796-91.
[9] Pierce, S. W., Burgardt, P., Olson, D. L., Thermocapillary and arc phenomena in
stainless steel welding, Welding J., 78(2) 1999, pp. 45s-52s.
[10] Paillard, P., Saindrenan, J., Effect of activating fluxes on the penetration capability of
the TIG welding arc: study of fluid-flow phenomena in weld pools and the energy
concentration in the anode spot of a TIG arc plasma, Materials Science Forum 426-4,
Ed. Chandra, T., Torralba, J.M., Sakai, T., 4087-4092, 2003.