Page 210 - Whole Earth Geophysics An Introductory Textbook For Geologists And Geophysicists

observed
of
193
hearing
Seismic
have
to
three
intensities
same
Measurements
prior
amount
the
the
commonly
Earthquakes
initially
conditions.
just
approximately
were
on
of
certain
depends
rumble
range
magnitude.
effects
are
which
a
of
earthquake. They
a
a
location
magnitude;
the
Characteristics
hearing
is
waves,
yield
where
there
the
should
given
by
report
(P)
however,
about
one
expressed
compressional
a
world
at
only
an
often
specific
observed
during
earthquake,
is
earthquake,
the
People
there
around
be
ground
intensity
must
the
earthquake,
intensity.
Earthquakes
stations
of
intensities.
the
same
the
one
effects
by
7.6). The
of
the
above;
the
released
shaking
seismic
given
increasing
For
discussing
the
of
(Fig.
listed
Effects
feeling
magnitude.
different
was
violent
a
observed
For
factors
energy
locally
when
and
the
at
5 S,
Systems, Contour map of observed 7.6 FIGURE the region of an earthquake. intensities in with Intensities generally decrease permission focus the earthquake from distance view). this map (epicenter in the Anomalously high intensities on Intensi Si northeast corner of the map may be in PS Localize: material, with loose surficial associated y e Detected or landfill. such as sedimentary deposits t-Filled Se
Objects
fis-
Broad
Dynamic by buildings. slightly. night, some and outdoors. run in negligible in is Buildings are pipes masonry Considerable bent. surface.
Earth’s Reprinted conditions. of floors rock may dishes Some and is structures, considerable furniture structures. Underground Most are Rails ground different B. J. permission
From 1995. Effects special upper outdoors. At frightened falls. plaster Damage Heavy destroyed. cracked. standing, the on Dynamic Earth: An by ed. with York. Maximum Intensity XII XI X -IX VII VI-VII Vv IV III II - I
intensity, Christiansen, © River, NJ. : Observed under people, those on automobiles few a rattle. awakened. are overturned. become moved. Some outside. run designed structures. designed collapse. are badly is remain seen are expected for The Geology, 3rd Used 1995. New
Seismology of earthquake H. E. few very people, especially swing. may Standing indoors. indoors, by doors and Many everyone. are objects people Many is and alarm construction. specially built poorly specially in partly and structures wooden ground structures ground. destruction. Waves air. intensity Highest From Physical Porter, © C. Sons, Inc., and Earthquake Range =8 74-79 7.0
Earthquake Mercalli Scale Hamblin and Inc., Upper Saddle by except instruments. by few a objects noticeably people many Dishes, windows, nearly Unstable broken. everyone. furniture heavy in are people of good slight is in in buildings, great considerable is foundations their built well destroyed. The are steep on slopes. masonry any, appear the in total the in thrown 7.3 TA
Chapter7 7.2 K. by W. ed. Prentice-Hall, Intensity Not felt mostly by Felt Suspended Felt by Felt ened. by Felt are by Felt Some Most ings Damage Damage from Some tures occur if Few, sures _- Virtually are
192 TABLE 7th of I II Ill IV Vv VI VII VIII IX Xx XI XII