Page 211 - Whole Earth Geophysics An Introductory Textbook For Geologists And Geophysicists

193 Contour map of observed the region of an earthquake. with focus view). the material, or landfill. dis- with Seismic landfill, of amount Measurements same the intensities three the observed to prior hearing have sur- and back with large 3.12). lasts or 3 to etc. break, materials the col- will freeway flexible

Earthquakes Intensities generally decrease the earthquake from this map Anomalously high intensities on northeast corner of the map may be with loose surficial such as sedimentary deposits decrease conditions. or sediments certain approximately of range on depends were just rumble initially commonly (S) shear ground the be can (Fig. generally 7) up last to dams those as reinforced, stru

of 7.6 FIGURE intensities in distance (epicenter in associated generally ground a magnitude. a is location effects the a are which later the waves destructive to 6 can collapse, vulnerable, Unless 7.6). a likely buildings wood
Characteristics in y t-Filled intensities local to unconsolidated magnitude; one the by yield should there given where hearing report earthquake. They waves, (P) than amplitude, shearing Likewise, surface be can that (magnitude earthquakes 8) and especially (Fig. more the concrete heavy light-weight

Intensi PS Localize: e Sedimen Valley that so due occur is there only is expressed world the however, a at observed about specific often an during compressional motion ground large be damage. motion earthquakes (magnitude shear to bridges are intensity high material, example, while

Si source, earthquake Exceptions where areas in intensity. there earthquake, earthquake, the by around stations earthquake, same intensity be must one intensities. People Earthquakes ground the the of severe less and can S-waves The more (Rayleigh) rolling moderate in large but and buildings sediment landfill, or localizing waves, building the
the from distance focus. the from tance amplified are waves the increasing locally given a For released was energy seismic different at the For magnitude. 7.6). The (Fig. observed above; listed factors discussing when of Effects of shaking violent the effects the feeling and amplitudes smaller 7.7). (Fig. waves face 3.8), causing (Fig. fo

= ea
5 S,

Systems, permission Detected awak- are windows build- ordinary overturned. shift broken. struc- landslides fis- Broad Objects

Dynamic by buildings. slightly. night, some and outdoors. run in negligible in is Buildings are pipes masonry Considerable bent. surface.

Earth’s Reprinted conditions. of floors rock may dishes Some and is structures, considerable furniture structures. Underground Most are Rails ground different B. J. permission

From 1995. Effects special upper outdoors. At frightened falls. plaster Damage Heavy destroyed. cracked. standing, the on Dynamic Earth: An by ed. with York. Maximum Intensity XII XI X -IX VII VI-VII Vv IV III II - I

intensity, Christiansen, © River, NJ. : Observed under people, those on automobiles few a rattle. awakened. are overturned. become moved. Some outside. run designed structures. designed collapse. are badly is remain seen are expected for The Geology, 3rd Used 1995. New

Seismology of earthquake H. E. few very people, especially swing. may Standing indoors. indoors, by doors and Many everyone. are objects people Many is and alarm construction. specially built poorly specially in partly and structures wooden ground structures ground. destruction. Waves air. intensity Highest From Physical Porter, © C. Sons, Inc., and Earthquake Range =8 74-79 7.0

Earthquake Mercalli Scale Hamblin and Inc., Upper Saddle by except instruments. by few a objects noticeably people many Dishes, windows, nearly Unstable broken. everyone. furniture heavy in are people of good slight is in in buildings, great considerable is foundations their built well destroyed. The are steep on slopes. masonry any, appear the in total the in thrown 7.3 TA

Chapter7 7.2 K. by W. ed. Prentice-Hall, Intensity Not felt mostly by Felt Suspended Felt by Felt ened. by Felt are by Felt Some Most ings Damage Damage from Some tures occur if Few, sures _- Virtually are

192 TABLE 7th of I II Ill IV Vv VI VII VIII IX Xx XI XII