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84      ESTABLISHING A SOLID DEPARTMENTAL FOUNDATION



                        Comparing Toxic and Problem-Solving Cultures

                    Toxic Cultures           Problem-Solving Cultures

                 • Characterized by fearful    •  Characterized by genuine caring
                   attitudes.                  attitudes.
                 • Manager has all the       •  Manager asks astute questions;
                   answers.                     manager is a student of the
                                               employees.
                 • People are mainly         •  People are mainly
                   concerned with               concerned with what
                   who is right.                is right.

                 • People focus on           •  People focus on issues and
                   personalities.              solutions.
                 • People ask questions that   •  People ask questions
                   place others on the         that lead to solutions.
                   defensive.
                 •  Risk taking is discouraged.   •  Risk taking is encouraged.
                 • Problems are stated in    •  Problems are stated in positive
                   negative terms.              terms.

                 • People complain about     •  People ask: “How can I
                   what they’re not getting.       accomplish X so I can get Y?”
                 • People view themselves    •  People view themselves as being
                   as victims.                  in control of their problems.
                 • People are resistant to   •  People are responsive to
                   change.                     change.
                 •  People are close-minded.   •  People are open-minded.
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