Page 7 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

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Contents

Preface XI

1 Introduction 1
1.1 What Is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)? 1
1.1.1 Definition and Limitations 1
1.1.2 Life Cycle of a Product 2
1.1.3 Functional Unit 3
1.1.4 LCA as System Analysis 4
1.1.5 LCA and Operational Input–Output Analysis (Gate-to-Gate) 5
1.2 History 6
1.2.1 Early LCAs 6
1.2.2 Environmental Policy Background 7
1.2.3 Energy Analysis 8
1.2.4 The 1980s 8
1.2.5 The Role of SETAC 9
1.3 The Structure of LCA 10
1.3.1 Structure According to SETAC 10
1.3.2 Structure of LCA According to ISO 11
1.3.3 Valuation – a Separate Phase? 12
1.4 Standardisation of LCA 14
1.4.1 Process of Formation 14
1.4.2 Status Quo 16
1.5 Literature and Information on LCA 17
References 18

2 Goal and Scope Definition 27
2.1 Goal Definition 27
2.2 Scope 28
2.2.1 Product System 28
2.2.2 Technical System Boundary 29
2.2.2.1 Cut-Off Criteria 29
2.2.2.2 Demarcation towards System Surrounding 32
2.2.3 Geographical System Boundary 34