Page 9 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

Contents VII

3.2.3.3 Infrastructure 84
3.2.4 Supply of Electricity 85
3.2.5 Transports 88
3.3 Allocation 92
3.3.1 Fundamentals of Allocation 92
3.3.2 Allocation by the Example of Co-production 92
3.3.2.1 Definition of Co-production 92
3.3.2.2 ‘Fair’ Allocation? 93
3.3.2.3 Proposed Solutions 98
3.3.2.4 Further Approaches to the Allocation of Co-products 101
3.3.2.5 System Expansion 102
3.3.3 Allocation and Recycling in Closed-Loops and Re-use 105
3.3.4 Allocation and Recycling for Open-Loop Recycling (COLR) 107
3.3.4.1 Definition of the Problem 107
3.3.4.2 Allocation per Equal Parts 109
3.3.4.3 Cut-off Rule 111
3.3.4.4 Overall Load to System B 113
3.3.5 Allocation within Waste-LCAs 113
3.3.5.1 Modelling of Waste Disposal of a Product 114
3.3.5.2 Comparison of Different Options of Waste Disposal 116
3.3.6 Summary on Allocation 117
3.4 Procurement, Origin and Quality of Data 118
3.4.1 Refining the System Flow Chart and Preparing Data
Procurement 118
3.4.2 Procurement of Specific Data 119
3.4.3 Generic Data and Partial LCIs 127
3.4.3.1 Which Data are ‘Generic’? 127
3.4.3.2 Reports, Publications, Web Sites 129
3.4.3.3 Purchasable Data Bases and Software Systems 131
3.4.4 Estimations 132
3.4.5 Data Quality and Documentation 133
3.5 Data Aggregation and Units 134
3.6 Presentation of Inventory Results 136
3.7 Illustration of the Inventory Phase by an Example 137
3.7.1 Differentiated Description of the Examined Product Systems 138
3.7.1.1 Materials in the Product System 138
3.7.1.2 Mass Flows of the Product after Use Phase 140
3.7.1.3 Handling of Sorting Residues and Mixed Plastics Fraction 142
3.7.1.4 Recovery of Transport Packaging 143
3.7.2 Analysis of Production, Recovery Technologies and Other Relevant
Processes of the Production System 143
3.7.2.1 Production Procedures of the Materials 143
3.7.2.2 Production by Materials 146
3.7.2.3 Distribution 148
3.7.2.4 Collection and Sorting of Used Packaging 148