Page 8 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

VI Contents

2.2.4 Temporal System Boundary/Time Horizon 35
2.2.5 The Functional Unit 37
2.2.5.1 Definition of a Suitable Functional Unit and a Reference Flow 37
2.2.5.2 Impairment Factors on Comparison – Negligible Added Value 40
2.2.5.3 Procedure for Non-negligible Added Value 41
2.2.6 Data Availability and Depth of Study 43
2.2.7 Further Definitions 44
2.2.7.1 Type of Impact Assessment 44
2.2.7.2 Valuation (Weighting), Assumptions and Notions of Value 45
2.2.7.3 Critical Review 46
2.2.8 Further Definitions to the Scope 47
2.3 Illustration of the Component ‘Definition of Goal and Scope’ Using an
Example of Practice 47
2.3.1 Goal Definition 48
2.3.2 Scope 50
2.3.2.1 Product Systems 50
2.3.2.2 Technical System Boundaries and Cut-Off Criteria 53
2.3.2.3 Demarcation to the System Surrounding 53
2.3.2.4 Geographical System Boundary 54
2.3.2.5 Temporal System Boundary 55
2.3.2.6 Functional Unit and Reference Flow 55
2.3.2.7 Data Availability and Depth of Study 55
2.3.2.8 Type of Life Cycle Impact Assessment 56
2.3.2.9 Methods of Interpretation 57
2.3.2.10 Critical Review 57
References 57
3 Life Cycle Inventory Analysis 63
3.1 Basics 63
3.1.1 Scientific Principles 63
3.1.2 Literature on Fundamentals of the Inventory Analysis 64
3.1.3 The Unit Process as the Smallest Cell of LCI 65
3.1.3.1 Integration into the System Flow Chart 65
3.1.3.2 Balancing 67
3.1.4 Flow Charts 69
3.1.5 Reference Values 72
3.2 Energy Analysis 74
3.2.1 Introduction 74
3.2.2 Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) 77
3.2.2.1 Definition 77
3.2.2.2 Partial Amounts 77
3.2.2.3 Balancing Boundaries 79
3.2.3 Energy Content of Inflammable Materials 81
3.2.3.1 Fossil Fuels 81
3.2.3.2 Quantification 81