Page 96 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition
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Life Cycle Evaluation for Alkaline Battery Waste Treatment
Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment
5 A Life Cycle Evaluation of
the Environmental Effects
of a Hydrometallurgical
Process for Alkaline
Battery Waste Treatment
A Case Study
Angela Daniela La Rosa
CONTENTS
5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................77
5.1.1 Background on Battery End of Life....................................................78
5.2 Structure of an LCA .......................................................................................79
5.2.1 Software Used .....................................................................................80
5.2.1.1 Ecoinvent v2 ........................................................................80
5.2.1.2 Industry Data v.2.0 ...............................................................80
5.3 Process Description ........................................................................................ 81
5.3.1 Description of the Selection Process ................................................. 81
5.3.2 Energy Consumption Calculation ......................................................82
5.4 LCA Study .....................................................................................................82
5.4.1 Functional Unit, Goal, and Aim of the Study .....................................82
5.4.2 Inventory Analysis (LCI) of the Hydrometallurgical Process ..........83
5.4.3 Assumptions .......................................................................................83
5.5 Life Cycle Impact Evaluation .........................................................................85
5.5.1 Results and Discussion .......................................................................85
5.6 Conclusions ....................................................................................................89
References ............................................................................................................... 91
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Life cycle assessment (LCA) plays a key role in sustainable production and con-
sumption policies. In 2003, the European Commission with the Communication
on Integrated Product Policy (IPP) (EC 2003) described the importance of an
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