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12.3 PROJECT 1—GENERATING SQUARE WAVE               317
              When creating an SPI bus variable we have to specify the GPIO pins for the MOSI, MISO,
            and SCLK. The default bus speed is 1MHz (1,000,000Hz), default data length is 8 bits, and the
            default mode is 0. The mode depends on the requirements of the slave device and the slave
            data sheet should be checked before a mode is selected.



                               12.2 NUCLEO-F411RE SPI GPIO PINS


              There are five SPI modules on the Nucleo-F411RE development board. The following are
            the GPIO pins for these modules:


                                 SPI Module       Signal       GPIO Pin
                                 SPI1             SSEL         PA_15
                                 SPI1             SCLK         PA_5
                                 SPI1             MISO         PA_6
                                 SPI1             MOSI         PA_7
                                 SPI2             MISO         PC_2, PB_14
                                 SPI2             MOSI         PC_3, PB_15
                                 SPI2             SSEL         PB_9, PB_12
                                 SPI2             SCLK         PC_7, PB_13
                                 SPI3             MOSI         PC_12, PB_5
                                 SPI3             SCLK         PC_10, PB_3
                                 SPI3             MISO         PC_11, PB_4
                                 SPI3             SSEL         PA_4
                                 SPI4             MOSI         PA_1
                                 SPI4             MISO         PA_11
                                 SPI5             SCLK         PB_0
                                 SPI5             MISO         PA_12
                                 SPI5             MOSI         PB_8, PA_10
                                 SPI5             SSEL         PB_1


                        12.3 PROJECT 1—GENERATING SQUARE WAVE

            12.3.1 Description
              In this project a DAC (digital-to-analog converter) chip is used to generate a square wave
            signal with a frequency of 1kHz (period¼1ms), 50% duty cycle, and an amplitude of 1V. The
            DAC used is SPI bus compatible.
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