Page 250 - Acquisition and Processing of Marine Seismic Data

CHAPTER

5

Preprocessing

OUTLINE

5.1 Demultiplexing 242 5.6.2 Time Raised to a Power
p
Correction (t ) 277
5.2 Data Loading 243
5.6.3 Automatic Gain Control 279
5.3 Single Trace Section 244 5.6.4 QC in Gain Recovery 284
5.4 Geometry Definition 246 5.7 Trace Edit 287
5.4.1 QC in Geometry Loading 251
5.8 Muting 294
5.5 Band-Pass Filter 253 5.8.1 QC in Muting 295
5.5.1 Filter Operator 256
5.9 f-k Dip Filters 299
5.5.2 Band-Pass Filtering of Marine
5.9.1 f-k Filtering of Marine Seismic
Seismic Data 260
Data 302
5.5.3 Time Varying Filtering 264
5.9.2 QC in f-k Filtering 307
5.5.4 QC in Band-Pass Filtering 268
5.10 Brute Stack 310
5.6 Gain Recovery 272
5.6.1 Spherical Divergence Correction 276

Preprocessing involves the processing steps (S/N) ratio by removing the different coherent
known as data preconditioning, since they are and incoherent noise types, as well as loading
mainly used to prepare raw seismic data for the geometry, applying the statics corrections
the main seismic data processing steps, such (if necessary), etc. Typical preprocessing steps
as deconvolution, stacking, or migration. are illustrated in Fig. 5.1. Although normally
The main goal is to increase the signal-to-noise all of the processing steps in Fig. 5.1 are

Acquisition and Processing of Marine Seismic Data 241 # 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811490-2.00005-0