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APPC of Strict-Feedback Systems With Non-linear Dead-Zone  171























                            Figure 10.2 Tracking error.






















                            Figure 10.3 Control input and dead-zone output.



                                                                                        ˆ
                            over, it is illustrated in Figs. 10.5 and 10.6 that the adaptive parameters θ 1 (t),
                            θ 2 (t),and ˆε 1 (t), ˆε 2 (t) are all positive and bounded.
                            ˆ
                               To validate the improved transient performance with the proposed PPF,
                            the tracking error profile with conventional backstepping control without
                            PPF is also plotted in Fig. 10.2. In this control, the error transforma-
                            tion proposed in Section 10.2.1 is removed and the error z 1 in control
                            (10.13)–(10.16) is replaced by the output error e. For fair comparison, the
                            same simulation parameters are used. It can be observed from Fig. 10.2 that
                            the proposed control with PPF provides faster convergence speed. More-
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