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10 1. Air and ater Pollution W

step in environmental policy, since the kno wledge of the connection between f acilities and
pollutants combined with the data about other sources of pollution (transport and agriculture)
allow authorities for the first time to take the right course of action for each type of pollution.
It has to be mentioned again that all releases into the environment are included in EPER.
Suppose that the authorities have to deal with the problem of photochemical smog. This
type of pollution is connected to increased NO x levels in the atmosphere. It is well kno wn
that road transport is the main source of these compounds. But the contribution of industry
is still missing. The existence of the EPER and the corresponding National Pollutant Release
and Transfer Register has enabled the collection of the data in Table 1.5. Consequently, the

Table 1.5

NO x releases to air for each activity in Europe (2001)
Activity Total emission to air Percentage
(t/yr)
Combustion installations 50 MW 1.5 10 6 58.3
Installations for the production of cement 427 10 3 16.9
klinker ( 500 t/d), lime ( 50 t/d), glass
( 20 t/d), mineral substances ( 20 t/d), or
ceramic products ( 75 t/d)
Metal industry 186 10 3 7.3
Mineral oil and gas ref ineries 177 10 3 7.0
Basic organic chemicals 72 10 3 2.8
Industrial plants for pulp from timber or other 67 10 3 2.7
fibrous materials and paper or board
production ( 20 t/d)
v ery of Installations for the disposal or reco 43 10 3 1.7
hazardous waste ( 10 t/d) or municipal w aste
( 3 t/h)
Basic inorganic chemicals or fertilizers 42 10 3 1.7
Slaughterhouses ( 50 t/d), plants for the 14 10 3 0.6
production of milk ( 200 t/d),
other animal raw materials ( 75 t/d), or
vegetable raw materials ( 300 t/d)
Installations for the disposal of nonhazardous 6.8 10 3 0.3
waste ( 50 t/d) and landfills ( 10 t/d)
Coke ovens 5.9 10 3 0.2
Pharmaceutical products 5.2 10 3 0.2
Installations for surface treatment or products 3.5 10 3 0.1
using organic solvents ( 200 t/yr)
Coal gasification and liquefaction plants 1.9 10 3 0.1
xplosi v Biocides and ees 1.1 10 3 0.0
Plants for the pretreatment of fibers or te xtiles 941 0.0
( 10 t/d)
Installations for the disposal or recycling of 663 0.0
animal carcasses and animal waste ( 10 t/d)
Installations for the production of carbon or 441 0.0
graphite
Total 2.5 10 6 100.0