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188 3. Heterogeneous Processes and Reactor Analysis

for Re L > 5,
kd fp e u  sL L pe d  0.5 
 0.33
0.75    L  (1 4 ) (3.438)
D 
  D 
where fg L L fg

u  sG G pe  0.55
d
 
 
G (3.439)
u  sL L pe  0.7
d
 
L  

In these equations, CGS units should be used.

ed b eactor s k Liquid–solid interfacial area in trickle and pacubble bed r
inition,
By def the total external particle area per reactor volume is (Smith, 1981)
A particles,tota l
a u (3.440)
V BED,tota l
The external area and the volume of a single spherical particle are

A particle p d 2 (3.441)

d 3
V p (3.442)
particle
6
The mass of the single particle is
M particle particle p V (3.443)
and the total mass of particles in the bed is

M V n (3.444)
l particles,tota particle p pa tic s r le
, From the definition of the bulk density

M particles,tota l M l particles,tota
V (3.445)
b BED,tota l
V l BED,tota b b

then
V particle p p s tilc e a r n V particle pa n s tic r le dn p 3 particles
V (3.446)
BED,tota l
1 6(1 )
b