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16.3 SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES        353





                            (a)                           (b)























                            (c)                           (d)
























               FIGURE 16.4
               High activity cylinder heads for spark-ignition engines (a) May ‘Fireball’ combustion chamber – note
               combustion chamber under valve (b) May combustion chamber with piston near top dead centre (tdc) – note
               squishing of charge into compact chamber (c) modern pent-roof (4-valve) head – note barrel swirl set up in
               cylinder (d) pent-roof chamber with piston near tdc – note high activity of gas around plug.
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