Page 553 - Advanced thermodynamics for engineers

Index 547

isobaric, 9 chemical, 208, 251
isothermal, 11 enthalpy of, 245
plant, 447 exergy of, 90–91
quasi-static, 5 fraction of, 255, 259–260
reversible, 18–19 internal energy of, 214–216
Process integration. See Pinch technology order, 325
Products, 224, 231, 271t, 323–325 rate, 308–311
Prompt NO, 312–313 rate constant, 310–312
Propane (C 3 H 8 ), 211, 218t, 227, 238t, 332–333, 423, 424t rate controlled, 311
Propanol, 238t Realistic engine cycles, 350–351
Propelling nozzles, 403–409, 404f Reciprocating engine, 45f, 307, 321, 323
Propulsive efficiency, 402 cycles, 44
Propyne, 238t friction in, 359–364
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). See Solid Reciprocating internal combustion engines, 345
polymer fuel cell (SPFC) considerations of basic engine cycles, 346–351
Pseudo-property, 86 diesel engines, 354–358
Pseudo-thermostatic theories, 467 friction in reciprocating engines, 359–364
Pumping work, 52–53, 359–360 spark-ignition engines, 352–354
Pyrolysis, 318 Reduced, 167
pressure, 435, 436f
Q temperature, 435, 436f
Qualitative governing, 324, 338 volume, 167
Quality (dryness fraction), 423, Refrigeration plant, 52–53, 423–425
436–437 Refrigerator, 52–54
Quantitative governing, 323–324 coefficient of performance, 17, 56
Quasi-property, 86 cycle, 423, 424f
Quasi-static processes, 5 Reheating, 396–401
Quenching, 76, 338 optimum pressure ratio for, 398–401
Quiescent combustion chamber, 356 Relationships, thermodynamic, 141
Relative molecular mass. See molecular weights
Relaxation time, 314
R Ren, 501
Radicals, 327 Research Octane Number (RON), 209–210
Rankine cycle, 39–40, 104–106 Resonance energy, 240
comparison of efficiencies, 40–41 Reversed Carnot cycle, 52, 53f
p–v–T surface, 43 Reversed heat engines, 52, 54–56
Rant, 85–86 actual refrigerator and heat pump cycles, 52–54
Rate Reversibility, 18–19
of entropy production, 474 Reversible
of formation, 310 heat engine, 18
of heat transfer, 39 heat transfer, 86–89
of reaction, 331–332 internally, 23–24
Rate constant for reaction, 311–312 process, 18–19, 64
Rate kinetics, 28, 305, 321 Reynolds number, 335–337
Rate of heat release, 350–351, 358f Ricardo Comet V, 355
Ratio of specific heat capacities, 155 Rich mixture, 213
Rational efficiency, 100–104, 442, 516 combustion with, 213
Reactants, 28, 207–209, 214, 222, 224, 228, 230, with dissociation, 213–214
307–309, 324–325, 365, 513
Reaction S
availability of, 80
backward, 272 Saturated
branching, 327 hydrocarbons, 211