Page 552 - Advanced thermodynamics for engineers

546 Index

Otto cycle (Continued) ordering, 451t
state points around, 81t with pinch, 461f
temperature-entropy diagram, 369f specification, 449t
thermal efficiency, 347 interval heat balances, 452–456
Overall response, 522 temperature intervals, 450–452, 458t
Overpotential, 95, 523f Pischinger, 335
Overvoltage, 518 Piston
Oxidant, 90, 207, 323, 328–329, 521 speed, 5
Oxides of nitrogen. See nitrogen; oxides of mean, 336, 357
Oxygen (O 2 ), 28–29, 187t–194t, 208–209, 213, 249, 261 Platinum–ruthenium alloy catalysts, 501
atomic, 252, 273–274 Pollutants, 1
Ozone, 318, 415 effect, 2
kinetics-controlled, 317–318
P Pollution order table, for power plant, 416t
p-v diagram, 35–36, 37f Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), 319
p-v-T diagram, 26–28 Polymer exchange membrane (PEM), 519–520, 520f
Paraffins, 211 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 500
Partial oxidation reforming (POX reforming), 523–524 Polytropic efficiency
Partial pressure, 258 compression, 412
Particulate emissions, 319 expansion, 412
Pb–Hg fuel cell, 513 Porous plug, 429–430, 429f–430f
Peak pressure, 297–298 Positive work, 4
Pearson, 346, 364–365 Potassium hydroxide (KOH), 500, 511
Peltier coefficient, 481, 483 Potential
Peltier effect, 467, 473, 480–481, 483 chemical, 249–250
Peltier heating. See Peltier effect core, flame, 342
Pent-roof chamber, 365, 366f difference, 473
Pentane, 238t electrochemical, 507–508
Perfect gas. See also Ideal gas energy, 9–10
flow exergy, 92–93 gradient, 467
law, 37, 72, 163–164, 225–226 Power
Peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN), 318 generation plant, 447
Perpetual motion machine of the first kind (PMM 1), 9 output, maximum, 119, 122, 127–132
Perpetual motion machine of the second kind (PMM 2), 9 Power/bulk ratio, 381
Petrol engine. See Spark ignition Prandtl number, 341
Phase Pratt & Whitney, 501–502
boundary, 26 Pre-exponential factor, 311–312
diagram, 504 Premixed combustion, 323–324, 357
liquid, 36 Premixed flames, 323, 328–329
supercritical, 435–436 Preparation rate, 357–358
superheat, 430 Pressure, 2
Phenomenological laws, 467 critical, 404–406, 408, 413, 423, 424t
Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), 501–502 datum, 182–183
Photochemical smogs, 318 difference, 487
Pinch point, 457, 460, 460f partial, 182
Pinch situations, 447 recovery coefficient, 136
Pinch technology, 447 standard, 258, 269f
heat cascading, 458–462 thrust, 402, 410
heat transfer network Primary combustion zone, 2
with pinch point, 457–458 Process, 3
without pinch problem, 447–450 irreversible, 19
hot and cold stream isentropic, 71–72