Page 547 - Advanced thermodynamics for engineers
P. 547
Index 541
Otto cycle with, 360f universal, 95, 179
reciprocating engines, 359–364 Gas exchange processes, 44–45
Froude efficiency, 402 Gas turbine, aero-engines. See Aircraft gas turbines
Fuel cells, 321, 497, 508–512 Gas turbines, 381
activation losses, 518–519 basic jet engine, 383–384
catalyst loadings, 501 CCGT, 381
cell voltage efficiency, 522 closed cycle, 382f
coefficients to defining losses, 523t combustion in, 415–420
efficiency, 515–516 cycle, 382–384
fluorinated polymer, 500 cycle analysis, 384–401
fuel crossover and internal currents losses, 519–520 efficiency, 386, 395f
hydrogen, 498f heat exchanger, 389–396
hydrogen sources, 523 heat exchanger effectiveness, 389
AR, 524–525 ICR, 381
POX reforming, 524 intercooling, 396–401
steam reforming, 524 isentropic temperature ratio, 387–388
hydrogen–oxygen, 511–512 maximum net work, 388
ions in cell, 517f maximum pressure ratio, 386–387
lanthanum manganite, 503 mean temperature, energy addition, 388
mass transfer losses, 521 mean temperature, energy rejection, 388
methanol fuel processor, 501 net shaft power output, 401
Ohmic losses, 520–521 net thrust, 410
overall response, 522 open cycle, 382f
PEM, 519–520 power density, 381
platinum-ruthenium alloy catalysts, 501 power/bulk ratio, 381
power densities, 500 power/weight ratio, 381
space shuttle, 500 reheat, 396–401
sulphonic acid, 500 road vehicles, 395
temperature effect on operation, 512–515 simple gas turbine cycle analysis, 384–401
theory, 503–504 types, 382
electric cells, 504–507 work ratio, 386
electrochemical potential, 507–508 Gasoline, 238t
thermodynamics in steady state, 516–518 Gasoline direct injection (GDI), 354–355
types, 498–503, 499f Gay-Lussac’s law. See Charles’ law
yttria-stabilised zirconia, 502–503 Gibbs, 26
Fuel injection, 320, 323–324, 355 Gibbs energy, 24–25, 171, 247–249
diesel, 354 with composition, 258–260
spark ignition, 352 of ideal gas, 182–183
Fuel-air ratio. See Air-fuel ratio and phases, 26–27
Fuel(s), 209–211 significance of minimum, 28–29
crossover and internal current losses, 519–520 use and significance, 25
structure, 209 Gibbs function. See Gibbs energy
Functional relationships, 141 Gibbs potential. See Gibbs energy
Gibbs rule. See Two-property rule
G Gibbs–Dalton law, 195–196
Galvanic cell, 507, 508f Gibson scale, 335t
Gas Glassman, 317–318
ideal, 112, 135, 146–147, 151 Global warming, 319–320
superheated, 43–44, 423 Governing
van der Waals, 146–147, 151–152, 171 equations, 313
Gas constant, 65, 67 qualitative, 324, 338
specific, 96, 111–112 quantitative, 323–324
