Page 549 - Advanced thermodynamics for engineers

Index 543

Ignition, 333–334 graphical representation, 74–75
angle, 367t using turbine, 70
delay period, 356–357 Irreversible
minimum energy, 333–334 engine, 103
timing, 365, 372, 372f heat transfer, 89–90, 89f
Incomplete combustion, 221 processes, 19
Incremental piston. See Displacement work thermodynamics, 467–468
Indicated thermal efficiency, 359 Irreversible thermodynamics, 467–468. See also
Indicated mean effective pressure (imep), 347 Thermodynamics
Indicator diagram, 347, 359–360 diffusion and heat transfer, 484
Indirect injection diesel engine, 355f forces and fluxes, 484–487
Indirect injection process (idi process), 355 heat of transport, 490–491
Indirectly fired gas turbine cycles (IFGT cycles), 133 thermal transpiration, 491–493
Injection uncoupled equations, 484–487
direct, 319, 354, 355f, 356 entropy flow, 468–469, 472–473
fuel, 320, 352, 355, 364–365 entropy production, 468–469, 472–473
indirect, 355, 355f Onsager’s reciprocal relation, 470–471
nozzle, 354 thermodynamic forces, 469–470
Intake nozzles, 403–409 thermodynamic velocities, 469–470
Integral scale (turbulence), 335t thermoelectricity, 473–474
Intensive properties, 2 coupled equations, 475–477
Intercooled regenerated gas turbines (ICR gas turbines), 381, thermocouple, 477–480
395 uncoupled effects, 474
Intercooling, 396–401 Isenthalpic
optimum pressure ratio for, 401 line, 430–431, 439f
Interface process, 423
intermediate combustion zone, 418 Isentropic
Internal combustion engine, 43–44, 79. See also compressibility, 156
Reciprocating internal combustion engines compression, 44, 46, 73
cycle, 49–51 efficiency, 405
Internal energy, 7–9, 184, 214 efficiency–compressor, 114
of formation, 7 efficiency–turbine, 70–71
molar, 180–181 expansion, 71
products, 215f, 418 temperature ratio, 391
reactants, 215f Iso-octane, 333f
of reaction, 215–216 Isobar, 113, 172–173, 389
specific, 142, 224 Isobaric process, 9, 64–65, 163
of substance, 150 Isolated system, 7, 468
Internal energy-temperature diagram, 295f Isothermal
Internally reversible, 23–24, 35, 100, 105, 119–120, 120f, compressibility, 155–156, 164–165
128f process, 163
International Temperature Scale (ITS-90), 4 Isothermal bulk modulus. See Isothermal compressibility
Interval heat balances, 452–456 Isotherms, 154f, 166, 166f, 171–173
Intrinsic internal energy, 8, 24 critical, 166–169
specific, 8
Inversion point, 430, 436–437 J
Inversion pressure, 443 Jet engine, 383–384
Inversion temperature, 430, 433 Jet gas turbine, 383f
maximum and minimum, 433–435 Jets, 342–343, 354, 356, 419
Ion-exchange resin, 500 Joule
Irreversibility, 18–19, 70–74 cycle (Brayton), 51, 382
using air compressor, 72
experiment, 146, 151