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and high oxygen content. It can be converted into a deoxygenated hydrocarbon fuel only with
considerable difficulty and expense. Char produced during pyrolysis cannot be easily
separated from fast pyrolysis vapors, or from condensed liquid pyrolysis oil. If pyrolysis oil is
hydrotreated, high-pressure hydrogen from nonrenewable sources may be required, and the
very high pressures that are required significantly increase the cost of associated equipment.

In order to address the issues associated with pyrolysis of biomass, the feedstock can be
converted to a fungible hydrocarbon blendstock fuel via integrated hydropyrolysis and
2
hydroconversion in the IH process. This process can be implemented in such a way that
practical problems are addressed. These include removal of char from the hydropyrolysis

vapor and the generation of process heat and hydrogen required to sustain the process.
Significant yields of liquid hydrocarbons can be obtained, and, if implemented at commercial
scale, with realistic feedstock costs, the cost of production of the liquid hydrocarbon product
is low enough to compete effectively with petroleum-derived liquid hydrocarbon fuels.

NOTES

* Correspondence to: martin.linck@gastechnology.org

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