Page 438 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Assessment of performance, 14

combustion, and emission
behavior of novel annona

biodiesel-operated diesel engine

Senthil Ramalingam, Silambarasan Rajendran
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering Villupuram,
Anna University Chennai, Villupuram, India

14.1 Introduction

Most of the nonedible seed trees grown in wasteland do not compete with food crops
for limited growing regions. Thus, it becomes imperative to search for nonedible
feedstocks and their suitability for biodiesel production [1]. The biodiesel preparation,
types of catalysts, free fatty acid composition, biodiesel blending composition,
feedstocks, and transesterification methods were discussed. The influence of biodiesel
over other fuels, alternatives for biodiesel, and important fuel properties such as kine-
matic viscosity, flash point, fire point, density, heating value, and cetane number were
also studied [2]. The chemical and physical properties of jojoba oil have indicated
good potential for use in diesel engines. The marginal increase in BSFC, the reduction
in oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and soot emission using blends of jojoba oil when
compared to that of diesel [3]. Many researchers concentrated mainly on edible oils
because of their availability and familiarity. The transesterification process is a low-
cost method due to its shorter reaction time and greater production capacity. Further,
the biodiesel showed better quality of exhaust gas emission, biodegradability, and
maintaining levels of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere [4]. The density and
viscosity of the blend increase with the increase of the methyl ester concentration
in the fuel blend. Further, the pour point of the blends increases as the concentration
of methyl ester except for canola methyl ester when compared to that of others. Hence,
there is no significant difference in the fuel properties of the blends with up to 20%
methyl esters when compared to that of diesel [5].
The performance characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake
specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of the diesel
engine with the blends (B10 and B20) are comparable with diesel. Further, the emis-
sions of carbon monoxide (CO), CO 2 , smoke, and hydrocarbon (HC) were reduced by
approximately 33.3%, 8.4%, 43.4%, and 29.4%, respectively. However, the NO x
emission was higher because of more oxygen content is present in the biodiesel
[6]. The production of biodiesel from nonedible oil can play a vital role in helping
to use wasteland areas. Further, the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel

Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102728-8.00014-0
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