Page 440 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Assessment of performance and emission behavior of novel annona 393

and emission characteristics [19]. The B20 increase in fuel consumption with MOME
at full load when compared to that of diesel. Further, the CO and HC emissions for
mahua ester were lowered by 26% and 20%, respectively, than that of diesel. How-
ever, the NO x emission was less by 4% for mahua methyl ester when compared to that
of diesel [20].
The rapeseed biodiesel produces lower smoke and higher BSFC compared to that
of diesel fuel. The CO emissions for B5 and B100 fuels were found to be 9% and 32%
lower than that of diesel, respectively, and the NO x emission was higher. Further, the
combustion characteristics of rapeseed oil and its blends were identical to that of stan-
dard diesel fuel [21]. The biodiesel production, characterization, performance, and
emission characteristics of Malaysian Alexandrian laurel oil were studied. The CO,
HC, and smoke emission for ALB10 and ALB20 were reduced by 15.12%–
26.84%, 9.26%–17.04%, and 7.78%–13.28%, respectively. Further, the NO x emis-
sions for ALB10 and ALB20 were higher by about 2.12% and 8.32% when compared
to that of neat diesel [22]. The increased peak cylinder pressure and reduced ignition
delay were observed for biodiesel and its blends when compared to that of diesel. The
10% and 20% biodiesel blends showed 4%–8% higher BSFC and 9%–13% lower
brake power compared to that of diesel. Further, the NO x emissions for 10% and
20% biodiesel blends were increased by 9% and 12% and the HC and CO emissions
were lowered by 19% and 42%, respectively, when compared to that of diesel at full
load [23]. The almond biodiesel showed lower BSFC, higher BTE, higher EGT, and
reduction in CO and NO x when compared to that of palm biodiesel. Further, the
almond oil-blended fuel could be an effective alternative fuel for diesel engines when
compared to that of palm oil biodiesel [24]. Camelina biodiesel of B7 and B100 diesel
fuel blends was used as a test fuel in a CI engine. The BSFC was increased by 12.21%
for B7 fuel and 56.25% for B100. The HC emissions of B7 and B100 fuel were
decreased 37.5% and 68.8%, respectively, when compared to that of diesel fuel [25].
The BTE is identical with all Licella blends and 13% higher HC emissions were
observed with L20 when compared to that of diesel fuel. Further, a 11% increase
of NO x emissions and 33% reduction in PM emissions were observed with the L20
blend when compared to that of diesel [26]. The palm oil produces better engine per-
formance, higher specific fuel consumption, and shorter ignition delay. The palm oil
reduces HC, CO, CO 2 , and smoke emissions considerably, except for NO x emission.
[27]. The experiments were conducted on a diesel engine by using palm (PB), mustard
(MB), and calophyllum biodiesel (CB). The 20% blends of biodiesel-diesel blend
showed similar performance to that of diesel fuel. The 7% to 12% increase in BSFC
and 4.1% to 7.7% decrease in brake power when compared to that of diesel. Further,
the HC emission was lowered by 23%–43%, CO emission was lowered by 45%–68%,
and NO x emission was increased by 9%–17% [28].
The literature study certainly proves beyond a doubt that biodiesel could be used as
an alternative for diesel engines. But the main consideration is the availability of the
biodiesel. Most of the biodiesels are limited with particular areas and it is mandatory
to develop biodiesel region-wise. Based on the analysis of literature review that the
various common biodiesels such as jatropha, mahua, karanja, neem and their deriva-
tives etc. are used for diesel engines with little or no modifications. Most of the