Page 79 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

56 Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Table 3.1 Climatic requirements for the cultivation of some edible feedstock [24].

Edible
feedstock Scientific name Climatic requirements
Groundnut Arachis Cold temperate, tropical, subtropical
hypogaea
Sesame Sesamum Tropical, subtropical, warm temperate
indicum
Hazelnut Corylus Cold to warm temperate, Mediterranean, semiarid
avellana to humid
Almond Prunus dulcis Cold temperate, subtropics, Mediterranean,
semiarid to humid
Olive Olea europaea Mediterranean, warm temperate to tropics, semiarid
Moringa Moringa Tropics, subtropics, semiarid to humid
oleifera
Rapeseed Brassica spp. Cold temperate
Sunflower Helianthus Cold to warm temperate, tropical, semiarid to
annuus humid
Soybean Glycine max Cold temperate, tropical
Cottons Gossypium spp. Tropics, arid to humid
Corn Zea mays Temperate, tropics, semiarid to humid
Poppy Papaver Cold temperate, Mediterranean
somniferum
Safflower Carthamus Mediterranean
tinctorius
Walnut Juglans regia Warm temperate, Mediterranean, semiarid to humid
Chinese Sapium Warm temperate, subtropical, Mediterranean,
tallow sebiferum L. semiarid to humid
Oil palm Elaeis Tropics, humid
guineensis
Coconut Cocos nucifera Tropics, humid

best annuals. This classification of edible oil crops based on life cycle is summarized
in Table 3.2.
The percentage of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and free fatty acid
of each of the oils is of great importance in the choice of the best oil for biodiesel pro-
duction, among other factors. A high percentage of mono-unsaturation in fatty acid
composition is desired for oil feedstock to be used for biodiesel production [19]. Thus,
edible feedstock oil can be majorly categorized into oils with high mono-unsaturation
values, oils with high poly-unsaturation values, and oils with high saturation values.
Edible oils with high mono-unsaturation values include groundnut oil, sesame
seed oil, hazelnut kernel oil, almond kernel oil, olive kernel oil, moringa oil, and canola
oil. Edible oils with high poly-unsaturation values include sunflower oil, soybean oil,
cottonseed oil, corn oil, poppyseed oil, walnut kernel oil, and Chinese tallow
tree oil, among others. Edible oils with high saturation values include palm oil, palm
kernel oil, coconut oil, and bay laurel leaf oil [25]. The percentage of saturated,