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6 Mean: −31.302 Unknown

5 Mean: −31.568 India

4 Mean: −32.154 Niger

3 Mean: −32.322 Pakistan

2 Mean: −32.173 Thailand

1 Turkey Mean: −33.561

0
−34 −33 −32 −31
C-13 Enrichment (95% Confidence Interval)
Figure 4.6 Means and ranges of d C (‰) of heroin samples from different
13
geographic regions. (Constructed based on data reported in Desage, M. et al.,
Anal. Chim. Acta, 247, 249, 1991.)

7 13 10 8 16
12 9
4
5 14 3 1 15 6 2 11

−29.5 −29 −28.5 −28 −27.5 −27
Delta 13C

Figure 4.7 d C values of 16 confiscated MDMA samples (From Mas, F. et al.,
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Forensic Sci. Int., 71, 225, 1995. With permission.)
© 2004 by CRC Press LLC