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282 Advances in textile biotechnology

owing to space limitations or simple oversight). The following sources are
particularly recommended:
• Zhou et al., 2007: a detailed review of the use of XG in cellulose modi-

fication, including an extensive bibliography.
• Carpita and McCann, 2000: a highly recommended textbook introduc-
tion to the fundamentals of polysaccharide composition and plant cell
wall structure.
• Hoffman et al., 2005: an unparalleled overview of the structural diversity
of XGs across plant species.
• Gerard, 1980; Kumar and Bhattacharya, 2008; Rao and Srivastava,
1973; Shankaracharya, 1998: although each has its particular limitations,
this quartet of reviews provides a holistic summary of traditional uses
of XG.
• Gilbert et al., 2008: a useful introductory primer on glycoside hydrolases
and transglycosidases, including the XET enzyme.
• http://www.biotech.kth.se/glycoscience/: homepage of the Division of
Glycoscience (previously Wood Biotechnology) at the Royal Institute
of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, where the XET/XG cellulose mod-

ification biotechnology was elaborated.
• http://www.swetree.com/: homepage of SweTree Technologies, a Swedish
biotechnology company working toward biofibre improvement, includ-

ing industrialization of the technology developed at KTH.

11.7 Acknowledgements

The author wishes to thank Professor Tuula Teeri and all of our co-authors
who have contributed to the development of the XET/XG cellulose modi-
fication technology in Stockholm. Dr Peter Piispanen and Mr Kaj Kauko

are especially thanked for acquiring the photographic images used to
produce Fig. 11.5. Our work has been funded by the Knut & Alice Wal-
lenberg Foundation, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Formas,
and the Swedish Research Council. The Swedish Research Council and the
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (via Biomime, the Swedish
Center for Biomimetic Fibre Engineering) are thanked for current funding
during the writing of this chapter.

11.8 References

ahrenstedt, l., oksanen, a., salminen, k. and brumer, h. 2008. Paper dry strength
improvement by xyloglucan addition: Wet-end application, spray coating and
synergism with borate. Holzforschung 62: 8–14.
berry, m. j., david, p. j. and gidley, m. j. 2001. Conjugated polysaccharide fabric
detergent and conditioning products. Patent No. US 6,225,462.

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