Page 340 - Air Pollution Control Engineering

06_chap_wang.qxd 05/05/2004 4:10 pm Page 319
Condensation 319

Table 5
Capital Costs for Refrigerant Systems
Required condensation temperature (ºF) Refrigerant system capital cost, RTCC ($)
≥40ºF 1,989.5(Ref) + 10,671
≥20ºF 4,977(Ref) + 7,615
≥0ºF 7,8876.8(Ref) + 9,959
≥−20ºF 6,145.4(Ref) + 26,722
≥−45ºF 10,652(Ref) + 13,485
≥−85ºF 12,489(Ref) + 28,993
Note: See Eq. (11) for a definition of Ref. A refrigerant system may be required for condensation tem-
peratures between 40–60ºF, although this will be dependent on the cooling water available. If cooling
water of a sufficiently low temperature is available, a refrigerant system is not required.
Source: ref. 13.

condensation temperatures above 40ºF, depending on the cooling water available. The
costs given in Table 5 are in Spring 1990 dollars and were obtained from ref. 13.
4.2.2. Annual Costs for Condensers
The annual costs for a condenser system consist of direct and indirect annual
costs, minus recovery credits. Table 6 provides appropriate factors for estimating
annual costs.

Table 6
Annual Cost Factors for Condenser Systems
Cost item Factor

Direct Annual Cost (DAC)
Utilities
Electricity $0.059/kWh
Refrigerant 0
Operating Labor
Operator labor $12.96/h
Supervisor 15% of operator labor
Maintenance
Maintenance labor $14.26/h
Materials 100% of maintenance labor
Indirect Annual Costs (IAC)
Overhead 0.60(operating labor and maintenance)
Administrative 2% of TCC
Property tax 1% of TCC
Insurance 1% of TCC
Capital recovery a 0.1628(TCC)
Recovery Credits As applicable
n
n
a Capital recovery factor is estimated as i(1+i) /[(1+i) −1], where i is the interest rate (10%) and n is the
equipment life (10 yr).
Source: Data from refs. 4 and 9.