Page 349 - Air Pollution Control Engineering

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Condensation 327

HAP Hazardous air pollutant
HAP Contaminant concentration in entering gas stream (ppmv)
e
HAP Moles of HAP condensed (mol)
con
HAP Moles of HAP in the inlet emission stream (mol)
e,m
HAP Moles of HAP remaining in the outlet emission stream (mol)
o,m
∆H Heat of vaporization
HRS System operating hours per year (h/yr)
M Moisture content
e
MW Molecular weight of an HAP (lb/lb-mol)
HAP
P System pressure drop (in. H O)
2
P Pressure of emission stream (mm Hg)
e
P Partial pressure (mm Hg) of the HAP in the exit stream assuming the
partial
pressure in the condenser is constant and at atmospheric
P Vapor pressure = P
vapor partial
Q Coolant flow rate (lb/h)
coolant
Q Maximum flow rate (scfm at 77ºF and 1 atm)
e
Q Emission stream flow rate (acfm)
e,a
Q Quantity of the product recovered (lb/h)
rec
RE Removal efficiency (%)
Ref Refrigeration capacity (tons)
RTCC Total capital cost of refrigeration system ($)
T Condensation temperature (ºF)
con
T Coolant inlet temperature (ºF)
cool,i
T Coolant outlet temperature (ºF)
cool,o
T Entering emission stream temperature (ºF)
e
∆T Logarithmic mean temperature difference (ºF)
LM
TCC Total capital cost of condenser ($)
2
U Overall heat transfer coefficient (Btu/h-ft ºF)
VOC Volatile organic compound
REFERENCES
1. W. L. McCabe and J. C. Smith, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 3rd ed., McGraw-
Hill, New York, 1976.
2. R. N. Robinson, Chemical Engineering Reference Manual, 4th ed., Professional Publications,
Belmont, CA, 1987.
3. R. H. Perry and C. H. Chilton, Chemical Engineers Handbook, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1980.
4. US EPA, Handbook: Control Technologies for Hazardous Air Pollutants, EPA 625/6-86-014,
(NTIS PB91-228809), US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 1984.
5. D. O. Kem, Process Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill Koga Kusha Co., Tokyo, 1950.
6. E. E. Ludwig, Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants, Volume III.
Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 1965.
7. J. A. Dean, Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 12th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979.
8. R. S. Hall, W. M. Vatavuk, and J. Malley, Chem. Eng., 1988.
9. US EPA, OAQPS Control Cost Manual, 4th ed., EPA 450/3-90-006 (NTIS PB90169954), US
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1990.
10. C. L. Yaws, H. M. Ni, and P. Y. Chiang, Chem. Eng. 95(7) (1988).