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250 Analysis and Design of Energy Geostructures

Figure 5.35 Stress paths for concrete interfaces with (A) dense and (B) loose sand under constant
normal stiffness and constant normal load conditions. Redrawn after Fioravante, V., Ghionna, V.N.,
Pedroni, S., Porcino, D., 1999. A constant normal stiffness direct shear box for soil-solid interface tests.
Riv. Ital. Geotec. 33 (3), 7 22.

Figure 5.36 Sand concrete interface (medium roughness) under constant normal load and con-
stant normal stiffness conditions: (A) deviatoric and (B) volumetric behaviour. Redrawn after Di
Donna, A., Ferrari, A., Laloui, L., 2015. Experimental investigations of the soil concrete interface: physi-
cal mechanisms, cyclic mobilisation and behaviour at different temperatures. Can. Geotech. J. 53 (4),
659 672.

monotonic loading under isothermal conditions. A comparison of the results obtained
from three tests under CNL conditions and three under CNS conditions is presented
in terms of deviatoric and volumetric behaviour. Under CNL conditions, after the first
compression phase, the interface shows a dilatant response. Hence, when the same tests