Page 191 - Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

Functional measurements and mobility restriction (from 3D to 4D scanning) 185

Fig. 7.12 Examples of different executions of the “Squat” posture.

differentiated analysis and evaluation of the functional measurements. However, a
larger sample size would be necessary for this.

7.2.5.4 Muscular influences on the body geometry

Some measurements did not show the expected dimensional changes. For example,
the upper arm girth (measured by the most pronounced form; see Section 7.2.3.4)
of an athletic subject only changes up to 2cm from the straight to the bent arm. This
equals 4.9% (see Fig. 7.13). Body analyses revealed that the triceps shows its most
pronounced form when the arm is stretched. The biceps, on the other hand, clearly
shows when the arm is bent. By this counteractive work of agonist and antagonist,
only the shown small dimensional change of the upper arm girth occurs. It is striking
that the position of the measuring section changes in the two positions following the
most pronounced form. A marking of the measuring section is therefore not possible.
Anthropometrically speaking the measurement is difficult to measure reproducibly.
For implementation in clothing products, however, the maximum shape is essential.

Fig. 7.13 Shape of the upper arm.