Page 196 - Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

Functional measurements and mobility restriction (from 3D to 4D scanning) 189

They have a high elasticity, which can adapt to the changes in girth and length of the
body. However, not every material can be used in every field of application. Not every
ROM can be compensated for solely by material properties. In many cases, design
adjustments are necessary.
Clothing-technical solutions for the reduction of mobility restrictions so far have
been scientifically considered in individual examples (Boorady, 2011; Ashdown,
2011). Concrete examples in PPE are protective work parts with preformed knee areas
or jackets for overhead work with specific armhole construction and elastic elements
(see Fig. 7.15). In sports, results from application analysis lead to, among others, bicy-
cle or motorcycle parts with preformed fit for the riding position. The patterns were
adjusted so that the parts fit perfectly with a 90 degree angle in the hip and knee joints.
Targeted material positioning or application-specific pattern designs require basic
body shape analysis. The investigation of the body regions that are subject to change
processes leads to clear functional descriptions. Thus the corresponding adaptations
can be made in the product development process (Watkins and Dunne, 2015;
Morlock, 2015a, b). In addition, it is important to quantify the interaction between cloth-
ing and wearer, as well as the mobility restrictions experienced through clothing. Cloth-
ing products with high ergonomic wearing comfort can only be developed through
evaluating the limitations of movement first (Saul and Jaffe, 1955; Adams and
Keyserling, 1993; Watkins and Dunne, 2015; Lockhart and Bensel, 1977; Gregoire
et al., 1985; Alexander and Laubach, 1973; Son et al., 2013, 2014; Huck, 1988, 1991;
Adams, 2000; Graveling and Hanson, 2000; Coca et al., 2008, 2010; Son and Xia, 2010).

Fig. 7.15 Jacket for overhead work with adapted armhole construction and elastic zone.