Page 307 - Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

300 Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

For testing and analysis of dynamic body changes, different postures should be mea-
sured and analyzed. For example, Fig. 11.1 displays body reproductions obtained by
3D scanning in standard standing position and in step-up, bending, and squat posi-
tions. The maximum possible bending forward position allows a study of the changes
of the measures in back and arm areas, and the squat and step-up postures allow the
same in leg and seat zones. In the first posture (see Fig. 11.1A), an individual was
standing in an upright position, without hunching shoulders, stretching out the spine
and straining the abdomen, and not touching the body with hands or palms. Palms are
slightly bent and elbows spread. The upper arm muscles are unstrained. Palms are
fisted, thumbs pressed to other fingers. Legs are positioned apart from one another,
standing on foot-marks. The gaze is turned straight forward. In the second posture
(see Fig. 11.1B), the right leg is placed on the special platform. The gaze is directed
straight forward. Hands are bent in and elbows are at an angle of 90 degrees. Forearms
and wrists are directed horizontally forward. In the third position, bending (see
Fig. 11.1C), the top of the body is tilted forward to the maximum. The chin touches
the chest. The arms are held vertically downwards. The legs are not bent at the knees.
In the fourth pose, a squat (see Fig. 11.1D), a full squat was made. The gaze is directed
straight forward. The hands are bent in and elbows are at an angle of 90 degrees. Fore-
arms and wrists are directed horizontally forward. Common conditions for all the

Fig. 11.1 3D scanning dynamic postures. (A) Standard, (B) step-up, (C) bend, and (D) squat.