Page 121 - 05. Subyek Teknik Mesin - Automobile Mechanical and Electrical Systems Automotive Technology Vehicle Maintenance and Repair (Vehicle Maintenance Repr Nv2) by Tom Denton

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Engine systems 105

Figure 2.41 Three-cylinder engines

Figure 2.42 Four-cylinder in-line engines

engine is a possible design being considered as it has a very compact form
( Fig. 2.41 ).
Four-cylinder in-line engines ( Fig. 2.42 ) are commonly used as they provide a
good compromise of performance, effi ciency and smoothness with optimized
individual cylinder displacements where the total engine displacement is in
the range of 1–2.5 litres. This range is extremely common for passenger car
applications. Another well-established design for this application is the opposed
cylinder; less common is the V4 engine.

Where fi ve-cylinder engines ( Fig. 2.43 ) have been designed and used, they are
generally of in-line construction only. There is an example of a V5 engine with
a very narrow V-angle, two cylinders on one bank and three on the other. The
main advantage of a fi ve-cylinder engine is that the reciprocating forces are well
balanced and this provides a smooth power delivery. The V5 cylinder engine has
the added advantage that the overall length of the engine is reduced (compared
to the in-line design) and this allows for a transverse engine powertrain layout.