Page 126 - 05. Subyek Teknik Mesin - Automobile Mechanical and Electrical Systems Automotive Technology Vehicle Maintenance and Repair (Vehicle Maintenance Repr Nv2) by Tom Denton

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110 Automobile mechanical and electrical systems

Figure 2.51 Engines vary, here is a four cylinder inline design. (Source: Ford Media)

Figure 2.52 Cast iron engine block
Defi nition
working surfaces. This property makes cast iron particularly suitable for cylinder
Cast iron bores that can be machined directly into the casting. On many engines cylinder
A mixture of iron with a small amount liners are used.
of carbon (2.5–4.5% of the total).
Cylinder liners fall into two main categories, wet and dry ( Fig. 2.53 ). Wet liners are
installed such that they are in direct contact with the coolant fl uid. They are fi tted
into the block with seals at the top and bottom and are clamped into position by
the cylinder head. Spacers are fi tted at the bottom to adjust the protrusion of the
liner to achieve the correct clamping force.
Key fact Dry liners are not in direct contact with the coolant. In general, they are fi tted into

Cylinder liners fall into two the casting mould and retained by shrinkage of the casting via an interference fi t.
categories, wet or dry. Alternatively, they can be pressed into place in a precast cylinder block. When
repairing or reconditioning the engine, the former type can be rebored whereas
the latter type is replaceable.