Page 261 - Basic English Usage

349 — 351

349 travel, journey and trip

Travel means ‘travelling in general’. It is uncountable (see 92).
My interests are music and travel.
A journey is one ‘piece’ of travelling.
Did you have a good journey?(NOT Did yer havea goed travel? -
)
A trip is a journey together with the activity which is the reason for the
journey.
I'm going on a business trip next week.
( = I’m going on a journey and I'm going to do some business.)
We do not usuaily use trip for journeys which take a very long time.

350 unless and if not

Very often, we can use unless to mean if... not.
Come tomorrow if | don’t phone / unless | phone.
lll take the job if the pay’s not too low/unless the pay’s too low.
We cannot always use unless instead of /f not. It depends on the sense.
a. The sentence says ‘A will happen if B does not stop it.’ We can use
if not or unless.
I'll come back tomorrow if there’s not a plane Strike.
(OR ... unless there’s a plane strike)
Let’s have dinner out — if you're not too tired.
(OR ... unless you're too tired)
b. The sentence says ‘A will happen because B does not happen’. We
can use /f not, but not unless.
lll be glad if she doesn’t come this evening.
(NOT +#e-giad-untess-she-comes-this- )
evening,
She’d be pretty if she didn’t wear so much make-up.
(NOT ... t#tfess-she-wore-somuch up-)
make

351 until and by

We use unti/to talk about a situation or state that will continue up to a
certain moment.
Can | stay until the weekend?
We use by to talk about an action that will happen on or before a future
moment
You'll have to leave by Monday midday at the latest.
( = at twelve on Mondav or before.)