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Internet and Its Rad cal Potent al | 01

Frontier Foundation (EFF). Cyberliberties activists still use the Internet for
bridge-building between students, researchers, artists, programmers, nonprofits,
and other beneficiaries of the “free culture” that is enriched and made accessible
in cyberspace. Other varieties of resistance to corporate colonization of the In-
ternet include “hacktivism,” culture jamming, and academic research of digital
copy protections. The conflicts over corporate penetration of cyberspace illus-
trate how struggles over new-media technologies are connected to larger issues
of social and economic equity, peace, human rights, and freedom of expression.
The economic and political changes proposed to resolve these Internet issues will
reflect the broader social commitment to the values of freedom and openness.
see also Alternative Media in the United States; Blogosphere; Conglomera-
tion and Media Monopolies; Digital Divide; iTunes Effects; Media Reform; Net
Neutrality; Obscenity and Indecency; Online Publishing; Piracy and Intellectual
Property; Presidential Stagecraft and Militainment; Regulating the Airwaves;
Surveillance and Privacy.
Further reading: Aufderheide, Patricia. “Telecommunications and the Public Interest.” In
Conglomerates and the Media, ed. Erik Barnouw, Richard M. Cohen, Thomas Frank,
Todd Gitlin, David Lieberman, Mark Crispin Miller, Gene Roberts, Thomas Schatz,
and Patricia Aufderheide. New York: The New Press. 1998; Brand, Stewart. “Founding
Father.” Wired 9, no. 3 (March 2001). http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.03/baran.
html; Burkart, Patrick, and Tom McCourt. Digital Music Wars: Ownership and Control
of the Celestial Jukebox. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. 2006; Bush, Vannevar. “As We
May Think.” The Atlantic Monthly (July 1945). http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/194507/
bush; Cerf, Vinton G. “A Brief History of the Internet and Related Networks.” http://
www.isoc.org/internet/history/cerf.shtml; Copps, Michael. “Media Mergers Are Dam-
aging American Democracy.” The Financial Times, June 21, 2006, p. 17; DARPA. “Darpa
over the Years.” October 27, 2003. http://www.darpa.mil/body/overtheyears.html; EFF
[Electronic Frontier Foundation]. MGM v. Grokster. http://www.eff.org/IP/P2P/MGM_
v_Grokster; Gibson, William. Neuromancer. New York: Ace Books, 1986; ICANN
[Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers]. FAQs. October 25, 2006.
http://www.icann.org/faq/#udrp; Leiner, Barry M., Vinton G. Cerf, David D. Clark,
Robert E. Kahn, Leonard Kleinrock, Daniel C. Lynch, Jon Postel, Larry G. Roberts, and
Stephen Wolff. “A Brief History of the Internet, Part I.” 1997. http://www.isoc.org/oti/
articles/0597/leiner.html; Lessig, Lawrence. Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Cre-
ativity. New York: Penguin Books, 2005; Mueller, Milton. Ruling the Root: Internet Gov-
ernance and the Taming of Cyberspace. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002; Sassen, Saskia.
Digital Networks and Power. In Spaces of Culture, ed., Mike Featherstone and Scott
Lash, 49–63. London: Sage, 1999; Schiller, Dan. Digital Capitalism. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1999; Smith, Isaac. “Public Policy and the Brand X Decision.” Paper,
2006. http://www.freepress.net/news/18803; Taylor, Paul A. “From Hackers to Hacktiv-
ists: Speed Bumps on the Global Superhighway?” New Media and Society 7, no. 5 (2005):
625–46; Turner, Fred. From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole
Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
2006; von Lohmann, Fred. “Remedying ‘Grokster.’ ” Law.com. 2005. http://www.law.
com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1122023112436; Winston, Brian. Media Technology and Society:
A History from the Telegraph to the Internet. New York: Routledge, 1998.
Patrick Burkart