Page 187 - Big Data Analytics for Intelligent Healthcare Management

180 CHAPTER 7 SMART HEALTHCARE

FIG. 7.1
Fetch module.

the blood flow throughout the arteries. With this variation, some light (coming from the light source
Light Emitting Diode (LED) attached to the pulse rate sensor) will be absorbed through the blood, and
some of it is transmitted back. That transmitted light is captured by the Light Dependent Register
(LDR). The transmitted light is in the form of an electric signal, and that is directly proportional to
the heart rate. That signal will be amplified through the Operational Amplifier (OpAmp) and that will
be fed to the Arduino, and then the Arduino will convert the raw value to the value required by the user
through the help of an algorithm. After obtaining the required value, it will transfer the information to
the ingest module. Likewise, whenever the patient holds the temperature sensor (DS18B20), there will
be a difference in the temperature, and there will be a trigger, and some raw data will be sent to the
Arduino, and then the same procedure will be followed as in the pulse rate sensor.

7.3.2 INGEST MODULE
This module will capture the input from the fetch module and ingest it into the local database or cloud
as shown in Fig. 7.2. Here the main components are Espressif8266 (ESP8266) (Wi-Fi Module) and
cloud database. The Arduino DIY board is attached to the ESP8266, which will provide Internet con-
nection to the Arduino so that the Arduino can be connected with the cloud. Here we have used the
Adafruit cloud, which is made for the IoT platform to stream, log, and interact with the data. This con-
tains client libraries that work with Arduino devices and ESP8266. Whenever information is ingested
into the cloud, it will be stored in the cloud database and plotted on a graph. This is helpful for the
doctor to monitor the patient in real time by logging into the cloud and thus the patient will be able
to get proper healthcare advice without visiting the hospital. This also provides a platform for further
processing of the patient’s information using an appropriate algorithm to find greater insights and put
that into action to achieve the proper objective.