Page 192 - Biofuels Refining and Performance

Processing of Vegetable Oils as Biodiesel and Engine Performance 175

110
100
90
80
Particulates (mg/m 3 ) 60 Diesel
70

50
40
20% J blend
30 20% K blend
20% P blend
20 K-Karanja
J-Jatropha
10
P-Putranjiva
0
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4
Brake power (kW)
Figure 6.8 Particulates versus brake power of diesel, 20% karanja oil, 20%
jatropha oil and 20% putranjiva oil blends at 1200 rpm, 45 bTDC, and 20
compression ratio.

oils, was very low. It is very interesting to observe that although the par-
ticulates and smoke for all the oils decreased, jatropha oil blends gave
the highest reduction.
In Figs. 6.9 and 6.10, the CO, CO , NO , and HC (hydrocarbon) emis-
x
2
sions for the three nonedible oils were less in comparison to diesel at high
loads. However, at low loads, emissions from the nonedible oils are
almost parallel to diesel. Because of the higher ignition temperature of
nonedible oils than diesel, the better combustion of these oils gave less
exhaust emissions.
Thus, degumming is an economic chemical process for a 20% blend of
karanja, jatropha, and putranjiva oils with diesel to have very satisfactory
results. The degumming method, therefore, offers a potential low-cost
method with simple technology for producing an alternative fuel for CI
engines. Out of the three nonedible oils, jatropha oil was the most prom-
ising to yield good performance and emissions at high loads in all
respects. Comparing CO, CO , NO , HC, smoke, and particulate emis-
2
x
sions from using the three nonedible oils, jatropha oil was very encour-
aging (see Fig. 6.11). Considering the above-mentioned points, it can be
concluded that the diesel engine can be run very satisfactorily using a
20% blend of vegetable oil with diesel at 45 bTDC, 1200 rpm, and 20
compression ratios. Any diesel engine can be operated with a 20% blend