Page 6 - Biofuels Refining and Performance

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Contents

Contributors xi
Preface xiii

Chapter 1. Energy and Its Biological Resources 1
K. B. De
1.1 Energy (Yesterday,Today, and Tomorrow) 1
1.2 Energy 5
1.2.1 Thermodynamics 5
1.3 Energy-Dependent Ecosystems 7
1.3.1 Photosynthetic factors 8
1.4 Bioenergy 9
1.5 Biological Energetics 11
1.6 Chemical Cell 16
1.7 Models of Bioenergy Cells 18
1.7.1 Oxidative phosphorylation path 19
1.7.2 Photosynthetic path 19
1.8 A Living Cell Is an Ideal Cell 21
1.9 Plant Cells Are Unique 22
1.9.1 Photosynthetic bacteria 25
1.10 Biofuels 25
1.10.1 Heterocystous blue-green algae (example,
Anabaena cylindrica) 26
1.10.2 Photofermentation by photosynthetic bacteria
(example, Rhodospirillium rubrum) 26
1.10.3 Methane production 27
1.11 Plant Hydrocarbons 27
1.12 Biogas 28
1.13 Gobargas 30
1.14 Biomass, Gasification, and Pyrolysis 34
1.14.1 Biomass 34
1.14.2 Gasification and pyrolysis 34
1.15 Bioluminescence 35
1.16 Hydrogen 37
1.16.1 Microbial conversion 38
References 43

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