Page 219 - Biomedical Engineering and Design Handbook Volume 1, Fundamentals

196 BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN BODY

B

C

θ

l
G 2

D

E

FIGURE 8.1 The bones of the arm, forearm, and hand with
line segments superimposed. (Note that the line segments and
points coincide with Figs. 8.6, 8.7, and 8.8. Point G represents
2
the center of gravity for segment CD, or the forearm.)

where I = mass moment of inertia of the forearm
m = mass of the forearm
M = moment at the elbow created by the muscles
Elbow
M = moment due to externally applied loads
Applied
l = distance from the elbow to the center of mass (G ) of the forearm
2
θ= angle between the forearm and the horizontal plane