Page 416 - Biomedical Engineering and Design Handbook Volume 2, Applications

394 SURGERY

To make our discussion more concrete, we briefly present two examples of deployed CIS systems:
®
ROBODOC (Integrated Surgical Systems, Davis, California) an active medical robotics system, and
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the StealthStation (Medtronic Surgical Navigation Technology, Boulder, Colorado), an intraopera-
tive navigation system used in neurosurgery and orthopedics.
The ROBODOC system 1–7 is an active medical robot developed clinically by Integrated Surgical
Systems from a prototype developed at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center in the late 1980s (Fig. 14.1).

A B

C D
FIGURE 14.1 (a, b) ROBODOC system for orthopedic replacement surgery (photos by author). (c) Early version ROBODOC planning
screen and (d) comparative cross sections showing conventionally broached (top) and robotically machined (bottom) cadaver
femurs. 1,156,157