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Bio-Nanorobotics 215

Nano man- Power
made devices Source

Micro
Devices

Nano man-
made devices Macro World

Micro
Devices

Nano man-
made devices

Self assembly, sensing, Amplification Macro actuators or
and trigger mechanism mechanisms communication devices
Figure 7.10 (See color insert following page 302) Feedback path from nano- to macro-world route.

Section 1

Section 4 Section 2

Section 3

Figure 7.11 (Step 4) An automatic fabrication floor layout. Different colors represent different functions in
automatic fabrication mechanisms. The arrows indicate the flow of components on the floor layout. Section 1 !
Basic stimuli storage — control expression; Section 2 ! Biomolecular component manufacturing (actuator or
sensor); Section 3 ! Linking of bio-nano components; Section 4 ! Fabrication of bio-nanorobots (assemblage of
linked bio-nano components).

of the bio-modules, hybrid quantum-mechanical and molecular mechanical methods, empirical
force field methods, and maximum entropy production in least time.
Modular organization also enables the bio-nanorobots with capabilities, such as organizing into
swarms, a feature, which is extremely desirable for various applications. Figure 7.12A and
Figure 7.12B show the conceptual representation of modular organization. Figure 7.12C shows a
more realistic scenario in which all the modules are defined in some particular spatial arrangements
based on their functionality and structure. A particular module could consist of other group of
modules, just like a fractal structure (defined as fractal modularity). The concept of bionanocode
has been devised, which basically describes the unique functionality of a bio-nano component in