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                                                                                                   U1A
                                                                                                   LME49720
                                                                                      co
                                               C1
                                                                                   3
                                                                                   2
                                               CA
                                                        R1

                                                        RA

            L =CAxAAxRB
                                                                                    J  0.01  ut
                                                                R2



                                                                RB


            L=CAxAAxRB
                                         L
                                         CAx RAx R8




                                        R2
                                        RB




            FIGURE 11-4 Gyrator using a gain-of-1 op a,mip voltage follower circuit.

            An  off-the-shelf inductor or coil  always  has  at least two characteristics.  The  first  is
            the inductance, and the other is the DC  resistance.  So any coil  can  be modeled as a
            perfect  inductor  with  a series  resistance.  The  lower the  DC  resistance  of the  coil,
            the  closer  this  coil  comes  to  an  ideal  inductor.  At  a  low  frequency  or  at DC,  the

            impedance of the  coil  is just its  internal  resistance.  For example,  an  antenna  coil's
            primary winding may be anywhere from  1


             to 10


             in  terms  of internal  resistance.  And  at high  frequencies,  the  coil  has  a  very  high
            impedance if there is  no appreciable capacitance in the coil.
            Now  let's look at Figure  11-4.  The  input of the gyrator circuit is Cl and  R2.  Cl and

            R1  form  a  high-pass filter  network,  which  means  that at  low  frequencies  there  is
            reduced  amplitude or no  low-frequency signals  across  Rl.  At  high  frequencies,  Cl
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