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232 CHAPTER NINE
w w w w
1 b 1 b 1 b 1 b 1 b 1 b 1 b 1 b
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
t t
t t
(a) (b) (c)
w w
1 b 1 b 1 b 1 b
2 2 2 2
t
(d)
Beams top flange in compression
w w w w
1 b 1 1 b 1 b 1 1 b 1 b 1 1 b 1 b 1 1 b
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
1 b 1 b 1 b
2 2 2 2 2 2
w 2
w 2 w 2
1
1 b 1 b 2 b 2 t
2 2 t t 2 2 t
(e) (f) (g)
Columns effective area for computing column factor Q a
FIGURE 9.8 Effective width of stiffened compression elements. (Merritt–Building Con-
struction Handbook, McGraw-Hill.)
